View source for ZX Spectrum Next

{{Short description|Remake of a popular microcomputer}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}

{{Infobox information appliance
| name         = ZX Spectrum Next
| logo         = 
| image        = ZX Spectrum Next Issue 1.jpg
| alt          = 
| caption      = A cased ZX Spectrum Next from the 1st Kickstarter
| developer    = SpecNext
| manufacturer = SMS Electronics
| type         = [[Home computer]]
| generation   = 
| lifespan     = 
| discontinued = 
| cpu          = [[Zilog Z80]] implemented in [[FPGA]]
| memory       =
* 1st Kickstarter: {{val|1024|ul=KB}} (upgradeable to 2048&nbsp;KB)
* 2nd Kickstarter: 2048&nbsp;KB
* 3rd Kickstarter: 2048&nbsp;KB
| display      = [[VGA]], [[RGB]], [[HDMI]]
| predecessor  = 
| successor    = 
| releasedate  =
* 1st Kickstarter: December 2017 (development board), February 2020 (cased)
* 2nd Kickstarter: December 2023
* 3rd Kickstarter: July 2025
| unitssold    =
* 1st Kickstarter: 3010+ (3010 cased)
* 2nd Kickstarter: 5100+
| dimensions   = 
| weight       = 
| topgame      = 
}}

The '''ZX Spectrum Next''' is an [[8-bit]] [[home computer]], initially released in 2017, which is compatible with software and hardware for the 1982 [[ZX Spectrum]]. It also has enhanced capabilities.<ref>{{cite news
 | last = Bush
 | first = Steve
 | title = ZX Spectrum rides again, with Z80 and optional Raspberry Pi Zero
 | newspaper = Electronics Weekly
 | date = 28 April 2017
 | url = https://www.electronicsweekly.com/news/products/bus-systems-sbcs/zx-spectrum-rides-zx80-raspberry-pi-zero-2017-04/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite news
 | last = Beschizza
 | first = Rob
 | title = ZX Spectrum Next is an advanced version of the original 8-bit monster machine
 | newspaper = BoingBoing
 | date = 30 April 2017
 | url = https://boingboing.net/2017/04/30/zx-spectrum-next-is-an-advance.html }}</ref> It is intended to appeal to [[retrocomputing]] enthusiasts and to "encourage a new generation of bedroom coders", according to project member Jim Bagley.<ref name=crookspi>{{cite news
 | last = Crooks
 | first = David
 | title = ZX Spectrum Next Raspberry Pi project showcase
 | newspaper = MagPi Magazine
 | date = December 2019
 | url = https://magpi.raspberrypi.org/articles/zx-spectrum-next-raspberry-pi-project-showcase }}</ref>

Despite the name, the machine is not directly affiliated with [[Sinclair Research]] Ltd., Sir [[Clive Sinclair]] or the current owner of the trademarks, [[Sky Group]].

== History ==
The Next started life in 2010 in Brazil, as a variant of the [[TK95]] Spectrum clone. In 2016, Victor Trucco and Fabio Belavenuto announced the "TBBlue" [[firmware]], named after the two creators and the colour of the [[solder mask]] of the motherboard, a bare [[circuit board]] implementation of the product for advanced hobbyists.

With the help of Henrique Olifiers the duo wanted to export the TBBlue to the UK, the ZX Spectrum's original home, having received moderate success with the board in Brazil.<ref name=carroll>{{cite news
 | last = Carroll
 | first = Martyn
 | title = The Next Level - Introducing the ZX Spectrum Next
 | newspaper = Retro Gamer (UK)
 | date = 15 Jan 2020
 | url = https://issuu.com/futurepublishing/docs/ret203.issuu }}</ref>

The Next was first announced as a distinct product in 2016 after the participation of original Spectrum industrial designer [[Rick Dickinson]] was secured. A [[crowdfunding]] campaign was launched on the [[Kickstarter]] platform in January 2017 with an initial funding goal of £250,000.<ref>{{cite news
 | title = Celebrate the Sinclair ZX Spectrum's 35th anniversary with… yet another retro console
 | newspaper = Metro (UK)
 | date = 24 April 2017
 | url = https://metro.co.uk/2017/04/24/celebrate-the-sinclair-zx-spectrums-35th-anniversary-with-yet-another-retro-console-6594446/ }}</ref> At the end of the campaign 3,113 backers pledged £723,390. While the campaign was successful in creating a userbase for the new platform, it was not a commercial success. Due to what campaign creators call "bad tax advice" the production of the machines ended up causing costs instead of revenue to the creators.<ref name="reg-2020-08-13">{{cite news
 | title = ZX Spectrum reboot promising – steady now – 28MHz of sizzling Speccy speed now boasts improved Wi-Fi
 | newspaper = The Register
 | date = 13 August 2020
 | url = https://www.theregister.com/2020/08/13/spectrum_next_issue_2_crowdfunding/ }}</ref>

Although initially intended to use the original ZX Spectrum's Z80 chip,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ridden |first1=Paul |title=Home computing classic reborn as ZX Spectrum Next |url=https://newatlas.com/specnext-zx-spectrum-next/49180/ |access-date=13 August 2020 |work=New Atlas |date=24 April 2017}}</ref> the design was altered to use the [[Xilinx#Spartan family|Xilinx Spartan-6]] FPGA,<ref name=lucypi>{{cite news
 | last = Hattersley
 | first = Lucy
 | title = ZX Spectrum Next Accelerated review
 | newspaper = MagPi Magazine
 | date = April 2020
 | url = https://magpi.raspberrypi.org/articles/zx-spectrum-next-accelerated-review }}</ref> to allow "hardware sprites, scrolling, and other advanced features to be incorporated within the machine itself".<ref name=crookspi/>

The board-only computer was delivered to backers in December 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1835143999/zx-spectrum-next/posts/2085604|title=Update 24: What's next for the Next (including full computers shipping estimate) · ZX Spectrum Next|website=Kickstarter|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref> After some design and production delays, the first batch of finished units were delivered to backers in March 2020.

A second Kickstarter launched on 11 August 2020 at 21:00 [[British Summer Time|BST]] and reached 100% funding (£250,000) within minutes.<ref>{{cite news
 | title = Opvolger ZX Spectrum Next krijgt snellere cpu-modes en meer ram
 | newspaper = Tweakers
 | date = 12 August 2020
 | url = https://tweakers.net/geek/170780/opvolger-zx-spectrum-next-krijgt-snellere-cpu-modes-en-meer-ram.html }}</ref><ref name="reg-2020-08-13"/><ref name="bbc-news-2020-08-13">{{cite news |title=ZX Spectrum Next Issue 2 blasts through Kickstarter goal |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-53765852 |access-date=13 August 2020 |work=BBC News |date=13 August 2020}}</ref> The campaign closed on 10 September 2020 with £1,847,106 (738% funding)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Clark |first1=Adam |title=Kicktraq: ZX Spectrum Next - Issue 2 |url=https://www.kicktraq.com/projects/spectrumnext/zx-spectrum-next-issue-2/ |website=Kicktraq |access-date=7 September 2021}}</ref>

A third Kickstarter, featuring a translucent magenta option, launched on 19 July 2025 at 08:00 and reached 100% funding within 7 minutes and 200% within 42 minutes ({{youtube|QVI-hj3sLpc|First hour of pledging}}). Surpassing the total funding of the first Kickstarter took slightly less than 3 hours.

=== Industrial design ===
The Next's case design<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/9574086@N02/albums/72157685519763101|title=Specnext1.1157|date=September 28, 2017}}</ref> is by [[Rick Dickinson]] who designed the original [[ZX Spectrum|48K Spectrum]] and Spectrum+, but died during the development of the keyboard of the computer.<ref>{{cite news
 | last = Halfacree
 | first = Gareth
 | title = Industrial designer Rick Dickinson passes away
 | newspaper = Bit-Tech.Net
 | date = 26 April 2018
 | url = https://bit-tech.net/news/tech/industrial-designer-rick-dickinson-passes-away/1/ }}</ref> It takes design cues from the original Spectrum, Spectrum+ and Spectrum 128, not the later Spectrum +2 or +3 manufactured by Amstrad. In addition to [[Rick Dickinson]]'s work, his industrial design partner, Phil Candy,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-04-29 |title=About – ZX SPECTRUM NEXT |url=https://www.specnext.com/about/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Langevin |first=Audrey |date=2020-08-15 |title=ZX Spectrum, online tutoring, and hybrid air vehicles; Crowdfunding now |url=https://www.maddyness.com/uk/2020/08/15/zx-spectrum-online-tutoring-and-hybrid-air-vehicles-crowdfunding-now/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Maddyness UK |language=en-UK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Retro Isle - Sinclair ZX Spectrum Next |url=https://www.retroisle.com/general/specnext.php |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=www.retroisle.com}}</ref> also collaborated on the design and took over after Dickinson's passing.

== Reception ==
The Next has received generally favorable reviews in the specialist press. In the official Raspberry Pi magazine "[[MagPi]]", Lucy Hattersley called it "a lovely piece of kit", noting that it is "well-designed and well-built: authentic to the original, and with technology that nods to the past while remaining functional and relevant in the modern age".<ref name=lucypi/>

In ''[[PC Pro]]'' magazine, columnist Gareth Halfacree called the Next "undeniably impressive" while noting that the printed manual lacks an index, and that some features are "not quite ready".<ref>{{cite news
 | last = Halfacree
 | first = Gareth
 | title = ZX Spectrum Next
 | newspaper = PC Pro Magazine (UK)
 | issue = 309
 | pages = 48{{ndash}}50
 | date = July 2020 }}</ref>

''[[Retro Gamer]]'' featured an 8-page interview with the creators of the machine about the highs and lows of creating a "true successor to the much-loved Sinclair micro".<ref name=carroll/>

== Models ==
Revisions of the Next's [[motherboard]]'s design are referred to as "Issues", in keeping with the original ZX Spectrum,<ref>{{cite web |title=ZX Spectrum Models |url=https://spectrumforeveryone.com/technical/zx-spectrum-models/ |website=Spectrum For Everyone |access-date=25 April 2022}}</ref> and have been made to either improve quality or in response to problems with the supply of components. Care has been taken to not change the core capabilities, compatibility, and specifications of all models of the Next between Issues.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Overview of the Next hardware specifications
|-
! Aspect !! Details
|-
| CPU || Z80N ([[Zilog Z80]] compatible with additional instructions) implemented in [[FPGA]]
|-
| Speed || 3.5, 7, 14 or 28 MHz
|-
| RAM || 1024&nbsp;KB base (768&nbsp;KB free), 2048&nbsp;KB maximum (1792&nbsp;KB free), in 8&nbsp;KB banks paged in and out of Z80's 64&nbsp;KB address space; 256&nbsp;KB is reserved for [[ROM]]s
|-
| Graphics || From 128 × 96 to 640 × 256 pixels.
|-
| Colour || Depending on mode and layer, 16 or 256 colours on-screen with no [[colour clash]] in certain modes, from a palette of 512 colours.
|-
| Sprites || Up to 128 hardware [[sprite (computer graphics)|sprites]] of 16 × 16 pixels
|-
| Sound || Traditional "Beeper", 3 × [[General Instrument AY-3-8910]] programmable sound generators (each with 3 channels for a total of 9 channels), and 4 × 8-bit [[Digital-to-analog converter|DAC]]s implemented in FPGA
|-
| Software || NextZXOS Operating System + NextBASIC; prior versions of Sinclair BASIC and optionally CP/M
|-
| Connectivity || Tape in/out, Audio out, [[HDMI]],[[ VGA]]/[[RGB]], 2 x Cursor/Kempston/Sinclair joystick connectors, PS/2 mouse port (Kempston mouse emulation), ZX Spectrum compatible expansion bus, WiFi on selected models
|-
| Storage || Built-in [[DV-MMC]]-compatible [[SD-card]] slot; optionally [[cassette tape]], Sinclair [[ZX Microdrive]] (with Sinclair [[ZX Interface 1]]) or any other storage system compatible with original ZX Spectrum series
|}

=== First Kickstarter ===

Four models of the Next were produced in the first Kickstarter{{Citation needed|date=April 2022|reason=Kickstarter URLs blacklisted at the moment}} using the [[Xilinx]] Spartan-6 FPGA{{Citation needed|date=April 2022|reason=Kickstarter URLs blacklisted at the moment}}.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Overview of the first Kickstarter's Next models
|-
! Model name !! Cased !! [[real-time clock]] installed !! [[Wi-Fi]] installed !! [[Raspberry Pi]] Zero "Accelerator" installed !! Board Issue !! Notes
|-
| ZX Spectrum Next developer board || No || No || No || No || 2A || Only board Issue which can fit in an original, modified, [[ZX Spectrum]] case
|-
| ZX Spectrum Next || Yes || No || No || No || 2B || Does not require modification, with a [[capacitor]], to eliminate electronic "noise"<ref>{{cite web |last1=Olifiers |first1=Henrique |title=Next Board 2A Capacitor Mod |url=https://www.specnext.com/next-board-2a-capacitor-mod/ |website=ZX Spectrum Next |access-date=13 August 2020}}</ref>
|-
| ZX Spectrum Next Plus || Yes || Yes || Yes || No || 2B ||
|-
| ZX Spectrum Next Accelerated || Yes || Yes || Yes || Yes || 2B || Accelerator enables loading compressed [[TZX (file format)|tzx]] tape images from SD-card and provides emulation of the [[MOS Technology 6581]] SID soundchip.
|}

All models include 1024&nbsp;KB [[RAM]] (768&nbsp;KB free) and can be upgraded by the owner;
* Adding two 512&nbsp;KB chips brings the RAM to 2048&nbsp;KB (1792&nbsp;KB free).
* An internal "beeper" speaker can be installed.
* Any of the higher models' optional extras can be installed.

The box colour is blue, similar to the text on the {{key press|1}} on a ZX Spectrum.

=== Second Kickstarter ===

Two models of the Next were offered in the second Kickstarter{{Citation needed|date=April 2022|reason=Kickstarter URLs blacklisted at the moment}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-11|title=ZX Spectrum Next Second Kickstarter smashes its goal in less than fifteen minutes! {{!}} News {{!}} The Digital Fix|url=https://www.thedigitalfix.com/gaming/news/zx-spectrum-kickstarter-2-goal-met/|access-date=2020-08-21|website=Gaming @ The Digital Fix|language=en|archive-date=19 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919085303/https://www.thedigitalfix.com/gaming/news/zx-spectrum-kickstarter-2-goal-met/|url-status=dead}}</ref> using the Xilinx Artix-7 XC7A15T FPGA{{Citation needed|date=April 2022|reason=Kickstarter URLs blacklisted at the moment}}.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Overview of the second Kickstarter's Next models
|-
! Model name !! Raspberry Pi Zero "Accelerator" installed !! Notes
|-
| ZX Spectrum Next Plus || No || [[Wi-Fi]] module relocated to avoid audio interference
|-
| ZX Spectrum Next Accelerated || Yes ||
|}

Both models are cased, include a [[real-time clock]], [[Wi-Fi]], and 2048&nbsp;KB [[RAM]] (1792&nbsp;KB free), use board Issue 4, and can be upgraded by the owner;
* An internal "beeper" speaker can be installed.
* A Raspberry Pi Zero unit can be installed as an "Accelerator" into the Next Plus.

The box colour is red, similar to the text on the {{key press|2}} on a ZX Spectrum.

=== Third Kickstarter ===

Two board models and three cased models of the Next were offered in the third Kickstarter.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Overview of the third Kickstarter's Next models
|-
! Model name !! Cased !! [[Raspberry Pi]] Zero "Accelerator" installed !! Notes
|-
| ZX Spectrum Next developer board || No ||No || Will only fit in an original, modified, case
|-
| ZX Spectrum Next upgrade board || No ||No || Will only fit in an ZX Spectrum Next case
|-
| ZX Spectrum Next || Yes || No || 
|-
| ZX Spectrum Next + Accelerator || Yes || Yes || 
|-
| ZX Spectrum Next Magenta Accelerated || Yes || Yes || Comes in a translucent magenta case
|}

The third Kickstarter machine introduced a larger FPGA (Artix A7 XC7A35T-2CSG324C) with twice as many Look-Up Tables (LUTs), flip-flops and RAM as the second machine's A7 XC7A15T. It also has out of the box support for the [[Sinclair QL]] and [[Commodore 64]]. All models include a real-time clock, Wi-Fi and 2048 KB RAM.

The translucent case colour is magenta, similar to the text on the {{key press|3}} on a ZX Spectrum.

== Operating system and software ==
The default operating system of the Next is NextZXOS. The operating system provides a graphical file browser and menu based access to Next's features. In addition the machine has an extended [[BASIC]] interpreter NextBASIC, with commands and features added to support the new capabilities, such as support for 9-channel AY-sound and built-in sprite graphics editor.

NextZXOS and NextBASIC were written by Garry Lancaster, and the machine is provided with printed manual covering the OS and BASIC in detail. The first edition of the manual can be downloaded from the official website.

In addition to the native OS, the Next is able to run prior versions of [[Sinclair BASIC]], such as 48K BASIC and 128K BASIC. The Next is also able to run [[CP/M]].  Although this does potentially open a sizeable software library of CP/M to the Next users, it is worth noting that CP/M cannot take advantage of the machine's advanced capabilities, such as large memory.

Some 3rd party "Next only" software has sprung into existence despite the comparatively short time that the machine has been on the market.<ref>{{cite web |title=Games |url=https://www.spectrumnextgames.uk |website=Spectrum Next Games |access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref> These include the likes of NxTel by Robin Verhagen-Guest (a [[Teletext]]-style Next specific webservice accessible via Wi-Fi), and NextDAW by Gari Biasillo (a digital audio [[workstation]] software capable of utilizing the Next's sound capabilities for creating [[Chiptunes]]). NxTel comes bundled with the machine on the accompanying SD-Card.

Some of the original ZX Spectrum games have also been upgraded or are being upgraded to utilize Next's improved graphics and sound. Among the most notable remakes are [[Atic Atac]] with improved graphics by Craig Stevenson. The new game version is backed by the current owner of the rights Rare studio and the Next port is written by Kev Brady.<ref>{{citation
 | title = Melkhior's Mansion - In Dev Ultimate Play the Game Atic Atac inspiration looks so awesome!
 | website = Indie Retro News
 | date = 2020-08-17
 | url = http://www.indieretronews.com/2020/02/melkhiors-mansion-in-dev-ultimate-play.html}}</ref>

== Licensing ==
The NextZXOS and NextBASIC are both released under Open/Closed-Source hybrid license called "The Next License", with all parts of the OS being [[closed source]] by default, unless explicitly placed under [[open-source]] [[MIT License]]. The Next License prohibits selling the software and charging a duplication fee for it, but cost-free distribution is allowed under the [[CreativeCommons]] [[Creative Commons license|Attribution-ShareAlike license]]. The OS and BASIC are publicly hosted on [[GitLab]].

Hardware is released under a "mixed source" [[Proprietary software#Examples|proprietary]] license.
The [[Hardware_description_language|VHDL/Verilog]] for the [[FPGA]] digital design is available on GitLab and licensed under [[GNU_General_Public_License|GPL3]].
Everything else is closed including the [[Schematic_capture|Schematic]]s, the [[Printed_circuit_board|PCB master files]] and keyboard/case 3D model.

== Personalities and alternative FPGA cores ==
The Next is able to reproduce the behaviour of any prior Sinclair [[ZX80]], [[ZX81]] or Spectrum machine, as well as some notable ZX Spectrum clones (both official and unlicensed) through a feature called "Personalities". Examples of such clone personalities are [[Timex Sinclair]] [[Timex Sinclair 2068|TC2048]] and the Russian [[Pentagon (computer)|Pentagon]] machines. Personalities can match hardware features, timings, memory, graphics and sound capabilities and OS version with the machines to be reproduced in an effort to provide full compatibility with them. The default personality of the Next is based on Sinclair ZX Spectrum +3e. It is also possible for the user to configure and add new personalities as needed.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}}

The Next can also be used to recreate a number of other, non-Spectrum based computers, such as the [[Acorn Computers|Acorn]] [[BBC Micro]], as long as their hardware will "fit" into the [[FPGA]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dokos |first1=Phoebus |title=Multiple FPGA Cores Support |url=https://www.specnext.com/multicore/ |website=ZX Spectrum Next |access-date=13 August 2020 |date=27 April 2020}}</ref> These recreations are known as "cores". The machine can also be made to boot directly into an alternative core. While the use of alternate cores is supported, the cores themselves are unofficial third-party projects. A [[Sinclair QL]] core is described as "very stable, [ [[Boot (computing)|boot]]ing ] every time".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Trucco |first1=Victor |title=QL progress #1 |url=https://www.patreon.com/posts/ql-progress-1-40764593 |website=Patreon |access-date=25 August 2020}}</ref>

== Clones and emulators ==
[[File:N-GO board, clone of ZX Spectrum Next.jpg|thumb|right|An N-GO board, a clone of ZX Spectrum Next]]

The Next team actively encourages the manufacture of clone machines to promote and expand the userbase as much as possible.

Clones of the Next include:

;Xilinx FPGA-based clones
* ZXDOS+ (board) / gomaDOS+ (board with case)
* N-GO (board/computer), which can be installed into a modified [[ZX Spectrum]] case in the same way as the Next Issue 2A or comes with its own mechanical keyboard+enclosure
* XBerry Pi, a Raspberry Pi sized miniaturized full ZX Spectrum Next clone<ref>{{cite web |title=Xberry Pi |url=https://zxrenew.co.uk/Xberry-Pi-p596973674 |website=ZX Renew |access-date=11 February 2024}}</ref>

;Altera FPGA-based clones
* UnAmiga (board with case)

* UnAmiga Reloaded (board with case)
* Multicore 2 / Multicore 2+ (board with case)
* NeptUNO (board with case)
* MiST (Core with TZX loading and RTC support)
* Sidi (Low cost MiST derivative)
* Mister (Core with special dual [[SDRAM]]/[[Static random-access memory|SRAM]] memory addon)
* [[MiSTer]] an [[Intel]] Cyclone V based board with 1 GB [[DDR3]] and hundred [[Open-source hardware|open source]] retro cores [https://github.com/MiSTer-devel/Main_MiSTer/wiki]

Emulators of the Next include:<ref>{{cite web |title=Emulators |url=https://wiki.specnext.dev/Emulators |website=SpecNext official Wiki |access-date=14 August 2020}}</ref>
* ZEsarUX by Cesar Hernandez<ref>{{cite web |last1=Olifiers |first1=Henrique |title=ZEsarUX: Next emulator |url=https://www.specnext.com/emulating-the-next-zesarux/ |website=ZX Spectrum Next |access-date=14 August 2020}}</ref>
* #CSpect by Mike Dailly<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dailly |first1=Mike |title=#CSpect V2.12.34
 |url=http://www.cspect.org/ |website=The life of a Games Programmer |access-date=14 August 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Commons}}
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [https://specnext.com/ Official website]
* [[Kickstarter]] campaigns;
** [https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1835143999/zx-spectrum-next/ First (board Issues 2A and 2B, from 23 April 2017 to 23 May 2017)]
** [https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/1835143999/zx-spectrum-next-issue-2/ Second (board Issue 4, from 11 August 2020 to 10 September 2020)]
* FPGA cores;
** [https://gitlab.com/SpectrumNext/ZX_Spectrum_Next_FPGA Open-source FPGA firmware]
** [[GitLab]] [[Git|repository]] [https://gitlab.com/victor.trucco/zx-spectrum-next-cores Victor Trucco: ZX Spectrum Next Cores]

{{Sinclair computers and clones}}

{{Authority control}}

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