View source for Tru64 UNIX

{{Short description|Computer operating system}}
{{Infobox OS
| name = Tru64 UNIX
| logo = Digital-unix-logo.gif
| logo size = 150px
| screenshot =
| caption =
| developer = [[Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]], [[Hewlett-Packard|HP]], [[IBM]], [[Compaq]]
| family = [[Unix]], [[OSF/1]]
| working_state = Retired (support ended December 2012)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://h30097.www3.hp.com/tru64roadmapjan2011.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224194118/http://h30097.www3.hp.com/tru64roadmapjan2011.pdf |archive-date=2014-02-24 | title=Tru64 Roadmap |date=January 2011}}</ref>
| source_model = [[Closed source]]
| released = {{release date and age|1992|1}}
| latest_release_version = 5.1B-6
| latest_release_date = {{Release date and age|2010|10|01}}
| supported_platforms = [[DEC Alpha]]
| kernel_type = [[Hybrid kernel]]
| userland = [[POSIX]]
| ui = [[Command-line interface]]
| license = [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]]
| website = [http://h30097.www3.hp.com/ Tru64 UNIX Software]
}}
'''Tru64 UNIX''' is a discontinued [[64-bit]] [[UNIX]] [[operating system]] for the [[DEC Alpha|Alpha]] [[instruction set architecture]] (ISA), currently owned by [[Hewlett-Packard]] (HP). Previously, Tru64 UNIX was a product of [[Compaq]], and before that, [[Digital Equipment Corporation]] (DEC), where it was known as '''Digital UNIX''' (originally '''DEC OSF/1 AXP''').

As its original name suggests, Tru64 UNIX is based on the [[OSF/1]] operating system. DEC's previous UNIX product was known as [[Ultrix]] and was based on [[BSD]].

It is unusual among commercial UNIX implementations, as it is built on top of the [[Mach kernel]] developed at [[Carnegie Mellon University]]. (Other UNIX and [[UNIX-like]] implementations built on top of the Mach kernel are [[GNU Hurd]], [[NeXTSTEP]], [[MkLinux]], and [[Darwin (operating system)|Darwin]].)

Tru64 UNIX required the [[SRM firmware|SRM]] boot [[firmware]] found on Alpha-based computer systems.

== DEC OSF/1 AXP ==
In 1988, [[Digital Equipment Corporation]] (DEC) joined with [[IBM]], [[Hewlett-Packard]], and others to form the [[Open Software Foundation]] (OSF). A primary aim was to develop a version of Unix, named OSF/1, to compete with [[UNIX System V#SVR4|System V Release 4]] from [[AT&T Corporation]] and [[Sun Microsystems]]. After DEC's first release (OSF/1 Release 1.0) in January 1992 for their line of [[MIPS architecture|MIPS]]-based [[DECstation]] workstations,<ref>{{cite newsgroup | title = Press Release&nbsp;— OSF/1 | author = Ellen Minter | date = 1992-01-28 | newsgroup = bit.listserv.esl-l |message-id= 9201282310.AA15415@enet-gw.pa.dec.com | url = http://groups.google.com/group/bit.listserv.esl-l/msg/b099f187095ca972?dmode=source&hl=en | access-date = 2007-08-21}}</ref> DEC ported OSF/1 to their new [[DEC Alpha|Alpha AXP]] platform (as DEC OSF/1 AXP), and this was the first version (Release 1.2) of what is most commonly referred to as OSF/1. DEC OSF/1 AXP Release 1.2 was shipped in March 1993. OSF/1 AXP was a full 64-bit operating system and the native UNIX implementation for the Alpha architecture. After OSF/1 AXP V2.0 onwards, [[UNIX System V]] compatibility was also integrated into the system.

== Digital UNIX ==
[[File:DigitalUNIX.jpg|thumb|A Digital UNIX key chain. The other side reads, "CALIFORNIA - Y W8 4 HP - The Migration State"]]
[[File:Digital Unix distribution media.jpg|thumb|Digital Unix distribution media]]
In 1995, starting with release 3.2, DEC renamed OSF/1 AXP to '''Digital UNIX''' to reflect its conformance with the [[X/Open]] [[Single UNIX Specification]].<ref>{{cite newsgroup | title = Re: OSF vs. Digital Unix | author = Steve Lionel | date = 1995-04-17 | newsgroup = comp.unix.osf.osf1 | message-id = 3mu6ho$jhs@jac.zko.dec.com | url = http://groups.google.com/group/comp.unix.osf.osf1/msg/2fe26f6c0fe1497a%26dmode%3Dsource | access-date = 2007-08-21 | archive-date = 2013-06-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130605210454/http://groups.google.com/group/comp.unix.osf.osf1/msg/2fe26f6c0fe1497a%26dmode%3Dsource | url-status = dead }}</ref>

== Tru64 UNIX ==
After Compaq's purchase of DEC in early 1998, with the release of version 4.0F, Digital UNIX was renamed to '''Tru64 UNIX''' to emphasise its 64-bit-clean nature and de-emphasise the Digital brand.

In April 1999, Compaq announced that Tru64 UNIX 5.0 successfully ran on Intel's [[Itanium|IA-64]] simulator.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://h41131.www4.hp.com/za/en/press/Compaq_Tru64_UNIX_Runs_on_Intels_Merced_Simulator.html |title=Compaq Tru64 UNIX Runs on Intel's Merced Simulator |access-date=2008-02-24 |date=1999-04-08}}</ref> However, this port was cancelled a few months later.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2108318/compaq-kills-tru64-development-intel-merced|title=Compaq kills Tru64 development on Intel's Merced|access-date=2008-02-24 |date=1999-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220142959/http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2108318/compaq-kills-tru64-development-intel-merced |archive-date=2007-12-20}}</ref>

A Chinese version of Tru64 UNIX named '''[[COSIX]]''' was jointly developed by Compaq and China National Computer Software & Technology Service Corporation (CS&S).<ref>{{cite web|title=China National Computer Software & Technology Service Corporation Chooses Compaq's Digital UNIX Technology as Basis for China's 64-Bit UNIX |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1998_Sept_10/ai_50298501/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710114740/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EIN/is_1998_Sept_10/ai_50298501/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-07-10 |work=INTERACTIVE BUSINESS NETWORK RESOURCE LIBRARY |date=1998-09-10 |access-date=2011-09-26 }}</ref> It was released in 1999.

== TruCluster Server ==
From release V5.0 Tru64 UNIX offered a [[Cluster (computing)|clustering]] facility named [[TruCluster]] Server. TruCluster utilised a cluster-wide filesystem visible to each cluster member, plus member specific storage and an optional quorum disk. Member specific files paths were enhanced [[symbolic link]]s incorporating the member id of the owning member. Each member had one or zero votes, which, combined with a possible quorum disk, implemented a cluster formation algorithm similar to that found in [[OpenVMS]].

==End of Life ==
With their purchase of Compaq in 2002, HP announced their intention to migrate many of Tru64 UNIX's more innovative features (including its [[AdvFS]], [[TruCluster]], and LSM) to [[HP-UX]]. In December 2004, HP announced a change of plan: they would instead use the [[Veritas File System]] and abandon the Tru64 advanced features. In the process, many of the remaining Tru64 developers were laid off.<ref>{{cite news | author-link = Ashlee Vance | author = Ashlee Vance | title = HP laughs off Tru64 promises, welcomes Veritas | url = https://www.theregister.co.uk/2004/12/02/hp_ends_tru64/ | work = [[The Register]] | date = 2004-12-02 | access-date = 2008-04-12 }}</ref>

The last maintenance release, 5.1B-6 was released in October 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://h30097.www3.hp.com/docs/patch/51B/bl29/html/rn-51b-6.html|title=Release Notes for Version 5.1B-6|access-date=2010-11-16|date=November 2010}}</ref>

In October 2010, HP stated that they would continue to support Tru64 UNIX until 31 December 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://h30097.www3.hp.com/tru64roadmap.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630181644/http://h41361.www4.hpe.com/tru64roadmap.pdf |archive-date=2017-06-30 | title=Tru64 Roadmap| access-date=2010-11-16|date=October 2010}}</ref>

In 2008, HP contributed the [[AdvFS]] filesystem to the [[open-source community]].<ref>{{cite news | last=HP | date=2008-06-23 | title=HP Contributes Source Code to Open Source Community to Advance Adoption of Linux| publisher=HP | url=http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/newsroom/press/2008/080623a.html | access-date=2008-06-23 }}</ref>

== Versions ==
These versions were released for Alpha AXP platforms.<ref>{{cite book |author=Cheek, Matthew |title=Digital UNIX System Administrator's Guide |year=1999 |isbn=1-55558-199-4 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/digitalunixsyste0000chee }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://h30097.www3.hp.com/docs/pub_page/doc_list.html |title=Tru64 UNIX Online Documentation and Reference Pages |access-date=2009-12-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.roma1.infn.it/SIC/_OLD_documentazione/unix/migr/digital-unix-doc/DOCUMENTATION/HTML/AA-QTLMB-TE_html/TITLE.html |title=DIGITAL UNIX Release Notes for Version 4.0B |access-date=2012-01-05 |archive-date=2009-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010210130/http://www.roma1.infn.it/SIC/_OLD_documentazione/unix/migr/digital-unix-doc/DOCUMENTATION/HTML/AA-QTLMB-TE_html/TITLE.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.helsinki.fi/atk/unix/dec_manuals/DOC_40E/ACRO_DUX/AQTLMDTE.PDF |title=DIGITAL UNIX Release Notes for Version 4.0E |access-date=2009-12-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008040552/http://www.helsinki.fi/atk/unix/dec_manuals/DOC_40E/ACRO_DUX/AQTLMDTE.PDF |archive-date=2012-10-08 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
! style=min-width:9em | Version
! Approx Date
! Notes
|-
| DEC OSF/1 1.2
| March 1993
|
|-
| DEC OSF/1 1.2A
| April 1993
| Hardware only release
|-
| DEC OSF/1 1.3
| July 1993
|
|-
| DEC OSF/1 1.3A
| September 1993
| 
|-
| DEC OSF/1 1.3B
| November 1993
| Hardware only release
|-
| DEC OSF/1 2.0
| March 1994
|
|-
| DEC OSF/1 2.0A
| April 1994
| Logical Storage Manager (LSM) v1; AdvFS v1; ASE v1 introduced
|-
| DEC OSF/1 2.0B
| May 1994
| Hardware only release
|-
| DEC OSF/1 2.1
| July 1994
|
|-
| DEC OSF/1 3.0
| August 1994
| SMP support
|-
| DEC OSF/1 3.0A
| September 1994
| ASE v1.1; System V Environment
|-
| DEC OSF/1 3.0B
| September 1994
| Hardware only release
|-
| Digital UNIX 3.2
| February 1995
|
|-
| Digital UNIX 3.2A
| March 1995
| ASE v1.2
|-
| Digital UNIX 3.2B
| May 1995
| Hardware only release
|-
| Digital UNIX 3.2C
| July 1995
|
|-
| Digital UNIX 3.2D-1
| January 1996
| ASE v1.3
|-
| Digital UNIX 3.2D-2
| January 1996
| Hardware only release
|-
| Digital UNIX 3.2E
| March 1996
| TruCluster v1.0
|-
| Digital UNIX 4.0
| March 1996
| CDE made default desktop
|-
| Digital UNIX 3.2F
| June 1996
|-
| Digital UNIX 3.2G
| August 1996
|
|-
| Digital UNIX 4.0A
| September 1996
| ASE v1.4
|-
| Digital UNIX 4.0B
| December 1996
| X/Open-compliant Curses
|-
| Digital UNIX 4.0C
| April 1997
|
|-
| Digital UNIX 4.0D
| December 1997
| Y2K readiness; extended UIDs/GIDs; class scheduler; JDK 1.1.4; Netscape 3.04
|-
| Digital UNIX 4.0E
| November 1998
| ASE v1.5; USB support; AdvFS atomic write data logging; Sendmail 8.8.8; ODBC/JDBC; Netscape 4.05
|-
| Tru64 UNIX 4.0F
| April 1999
| USB keyboard/mouse support; limited DVD support; Netscape 4.5; COM for Tru64 UNIX
|-
| Tru64 UNIX 5.0
| July 1999
| Improved performance/scalability; Hot-swap; Sendmail 8.8.8; OpenMP; Netscape 4.51; X11R6.3
|-
| Tru64 UNIX 5.0A
| April 2000
| UFS Delayed metadata option; Sendmail 8.9.3; Netscape 4.7; ISO 9660 install disc
|-
| Tru64 UNIX 4.0G
| May 2000
| Maximum 256 X clients (formerly 128); Netscape 4.7
|-
| Tru64 UNIX 5.1
| September 2000
| Extended System V functionality; Tcl/Tk 8.2; IPv6
|-
| Tru64 UNIX 5.1A
| September 2001
| Online CPU addition/removal; UNIX 98 Conformance; X11R6.5; Netscape 4.76
|-
| Tru64 UNIX 5.1B
| September 2002
| Big Pages; IPv6 Enhancements; Netscape 6; Unicode 3.1
|-
| Tru64 UNIX 5.1B-1
| November 2003
| Name Service Switch (NSS); Mozilla 1.4
|-
| Tru64 UNIX 5.1B-2
| August 2004
| Unified Buffer Cache Scaling; Perl 5.8.4; Mozilla 1.6
|-
| Tru64 UNIX 5.1B-3
| June 2005
| AdvFS robustness; Accounting refinements; LSM enhancements; Mozilla 1.7.5
|-
| Tru64 UNIX 5.1B-4
| December 2006
| POSIX conformance; Rebranding (COMPAQ to HP); 2007 U.S. DST changes; BIND 9.2.5
|-
| Tru64 UNIX 5.1B-5
| March 2009
| Standards conformance; Support for latest DST changes; BIND 9.2.8
|-
| Tru64 UNIX 5.1B-6
| October 2010
| Defect fixes only. Support ended 31 Dec 2012
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Tru64}}
* [http://h30097.www3.hp.com/ Tru64 UNIX] - HP's official Tru64 UNIX site
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20050404192742/http://www.unixguide.net/compaq/faq/ Tru64 FAQ] from [http://www.unixguide.net/ UNIXguide.net]
* [news://comp.unix.tru64 comp.unix.tru64] - [[Newsgroup]] on running, owning and administering Tru64 UNIX (web-accessible via [http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.unix.tru64 Google Groups])
* [news://comp.unix.osf.osf1 comp.unix.osf.osf1] - Newsgroup on running, owning and administering OSF/1 (web-accessible via [http://groups-beta.google.com/group/comp.unix.osf.osf1 Google Groups])
* [http://www.polarhome.com/service/man/?of=Tru64 HP Tru64 Unix man pages] and [[shell account]]s provided by [[Polarhome]]

{{Digital Equipment Corporation}}
{{Unix-like}}

[[Category:Computer-related introductions in 1992]]
[[Category:DEC operating systems]]
[[Category:Mach (kernel)]]
[[Category:Microkernel-based operating systems]]
[[Category:Unix variants]]
[[Category:HP software]]
[[Category:Compaq software]]
[[Category:Discontinued operating systems]]
[[Category:Computer-related introductions in 1999]]